Download a free audiobook when you sign up for a 30-day trial at http://www.audible.com/minuteearth In the animal kingdom, sex often involves more conflict than cooperation. The struggle between males and females leads to a host of weird adaptations, from chastity belts to anti-aphrodisiacs. Thanks also to our Patreon patrons: - Today I Found Out - Maarten Bremer - Jeff Straathof - Mark Roth - Tony Fadell - Muhammad Shifaz - 靛蓝字幕组 - Viraansh Bhanushali - Duhilio Patiño - Alberto Bortoni - Valentin - Nicholas Buckendorf - Antoine Coeur ___________________________________________ Want to learn more about the topic in this week’s video? Here are some keywords/phrases to get your googling started: Sexual conflict: an evolutionary mismatch between the interests of males and females, especially concerning mating strategies ___________________________________________ Credits: Script Writer: Kate Yoshida (twitter: @KateYoshida) Script Editor: Emily Elert (twitter: @eelert) Video Illustrator: Ever Salazar (twitter: @eversalazar) Video Director: Emily Elert (twitter: @eelert) With Contributions From: Henry Reich (@minutephysics), Alex Reich (@alexhreich) and Peter Reich Music by: Nathaniel Schroeder: http://www.soundcloud.com/drschroeder _________________________________________ Like our videos? Subscribe to MinuteEarth on YouTube: http://goo.gl/EpIDGd And for exclusive early access to all our videos, sign up with Vessel: https://goo.gl/hgD1iJ Already subbed? Help us keep making MinuteEarth by supporting us on Patreon: https://goo.gl/ZVgLQZ Also, say hello on: Facebook: http://goo.gl/FpAvo6 Twitter: http://goo.gl/Y1aWVC And find us on itunes: http://podcast.minuteearth.com/ ________________________ References: Brennan, P.L.R., Clark, C.J., & Prum, R.O. (2010). Explosive eversion and functional morphology of the duck penis supports sexual conflict in waterfowl genitalia. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 277: 309–1314. http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/early/2009/12/18/rspb.2009.2139 Chapman, T., Arnqvist, G., Bangham J., & Rowe, L. (2003). Sexual conflict. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 18: 41–47. http://heart.sdsu.edu/~website/Biology_307/pdfs/ConflictReview.pdf Dean, R., Nakagawa, S., & Pizzari, T. (2011). The risk and intensity of sperm ejection in female birds. American Naturalist 178(3): 343–354. http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/661244 Hosken D.J. & Stockley, P. (2004). Sexual selection and genital evolution. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 19: 87-93. http://www.cell.com/trends/ecology-evolution/abstract/S0169-5347(03)00374-4 Koprowski, J.L. (1992). Removal of copulatory plugs by female tree squirrels. Journal of Mammalogy 732:572—76. http://jmammal.oxfordjournals.org/content/73/3/572 Price, C.S.C., Dyer, K.A., Coyne, J.A. (1999). Sperm competition between Drosophila males involves both displacement and incapacitation. Nature 400: 449-452. http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v400/n6743/full/400449a0.html Rowe, L., Arnqvist, G., Sih, A. & Krupa, J. J. (1994). Sexual conflict and the evolutionary ecology of mating patterns: water striders as a model system. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 9:289-293. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0169534794900329