Today we’re going to talk about borders. Borders can bring people together, evoke passion and war, divide, conquer, and solidify power. We’re going to focus on the tyranny of the map which is what happens when those in power draw boundaries in ways that conflict with how people in that place want to be grouped. We’ll look at the repercussions of the Berlin Conference of 1884 on boundaries within Africa, take a closer look at continued political unrest in Mali, and look at how this can even happen at a local level like when gerrymandering occurs within a US state. [Sources] In general CIA Factbook: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/docs/one_page_summaries.html Getis, Bjelland, and Getis. Introduction to Geography, 15 ed. McGraw-Hill Education. 2017. ISBN: 978-1-259-57000-1 Gregory, Derek, Ron Johnston, Geraldine Pratt, Michael Watts, and Sarah Whatmore, eds. 2009. The Dictionary of Human Geography. 5th ed. Willey-Blackwell. ISBN: 978-1-4051-3288-6 Cracking the AP Human Geography Exam: 2020 edition. The Princeton Review. For a free and open source option for Intro to Human Geography, see: https://humangeography.pressbooks.com/ For a free and open source option for World Regional Geography, see: https://worldgeography.pressbooks.com/front-matter/introduction/ Mali https://afropop.org/audio-programs/hip-deep-in-mali-the-tuareg-predicament 07:200::::200:P200_ARTICLEID:374484289" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://journals.ohiolink.edu/apexprod/f?p=1507:200::::200:P200_ARTICLEID:374484289 https://www.cfr.org/global-conflict-tracker/conflict/destabilization-mali https://sgp.fas.org/crs/row/IF10116.pdf https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/mali/ https://www.aspeniaonline.it/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/keys-ing_080413.pdf Democracy versus the People by Andy Morgan: https://journals.ohiolink.edu/apexprod/rws_ejcsearch/r/1507/99?p99_entity_id=290802583&p99_entity_type=MAIN_FILE&cs=3vnpEQN7KjqzffLDIWPKj0UtKNSB71ybNuCSObxHOYTju_pm9F9zNmfXxMFAS1Xgnc6AG9dV6UMXLfqZLZuyt-Q https://afropop.org/articles/andy-morgan-on-tuareg-music-and-history https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-22961519 https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/26077 https://afropop.org/audio-programs/hip-deep-in-mali-the-tuareg-predicament Boundaries https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/international-organization/article/mapping-the-sovereign-state-technology-authority-and-systemic-change/0C0A5F17B945CFE437DA681D2C5FE025 https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11186-016-9264-0#Sec6 South Sudan https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/south-sudan/ Watch our videos and review your learning with the Crash Course App! Download here for Apple Devices: https://apple.co/3d4eyZo Download here for Android Devices: https://bit.ly/2SrDulJ Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse Thanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever: DL Singfield, Jeremy Mysliwiec, Shannon McCone, Amelia Ryczek, Ken Davidian, Brian Zachariah, Stephen Akuffo, Toni Miles, Oscar Pinto-Reyes, Erin Nicole, Steve Segreto, Michael M. Varughese, Kyle & Katherine Callahan, Laurel A Stevens, Vincent, Michael Wang, Stacey Gillespie, Jaime Willis, Krystle Young, Michael Dowling, Alexis B, Rene Duedam, Burt Humburg, Aziz Y, DAVID MORTON HUDSON, Perry Joyce, Scott Harrison, Mark & Susan Billian, Junrong Eric Zhu, Alan Bridgeman, Rachel Creager, Jennifer Smith, Matt Curls, Tim Kwist, Jonathan Zbikowski, Jennifer Killen, Sarah & Nathan Catchings, Brandon Westmoreland, team dorsey, Trevin Beattie, Divonne Holmes à Court, Eric Koslow, Jennifer Dineen, Indika Siriwardena, Khaled El Shalakany, Jason Rostoker, Shawn Arnold, Siobhán, Ken Penttinen, Nathan Taylor, William McGraw, Andrei Krishkevich, ThatAmericanClare, Rizwan Kassim, Sam Ferguson, Alex Hackman, Jirat, Katie Dean, neil matatall, TheDaemonCatJr, Wai Jack Sin, Ian Dundore, Matthew, Justin, Jessica Wode, Mark, Caleb Weeks __ Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet? Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse Twitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourse Tumblr - http://thecrashcourse.tumblr.com/ Support Crash Course on Patreon: http://patreon.com/crashcourse CC Kids: null #CrashCourse #Geography #Borders