In this Python programming tutorial, we will learn how closures work in Python. We will also see how shared extended scopes and multi-scoped variables are implemented in Python using intermediary cell objects. Understanding closures helps us in understanding other language features like function decorators. References ------------------ * Python data model: https://docs.python.org/3/reference/datamodel.html - documentation for 'co_*' attributes can be found under "Code objects" * Cell objects: https://docs.python.org/3/c-api/cell.html * Dr. Fred Baptiste's course https://www.udemy.com/course/python-3-deep-dive-part-1/ Recommended prerequisite -------------------------------------------- Variable scopes and Namespaces: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WYZrLtFNDVI Chapters --------------- 0:00 Prerequisites 0:12 First example code 0:51 Visual representation of first example 2:23 Closure 3:12 second example 4:26 Multiple closure instances 4:51 Comparing with classes 5:25 Shared free variables 5:54 Cell objects 7:01 attributes of function objects