In this first chapter of the 21st century, concern has rightly grown about the meaning and attainability of the American dream. Much of this anxiety has been driven by expanded inequality along several socio-economic dimensions: of work, incomes, wealth, opportunity, and hope. What do the data tell us about the attainment of the American dream? How do American citizens perceive the well-being of their families, communities, and the country overall? And what can leaders—in government, in business, and in civil society—do to make the American dream more apparent and more attainable? Matthew J. Slaughter is the Paul Danos Dean of the Tuck School of Business at Dartmouth, where in addition he is the Earl C. Daum 1924 Professor of International Business. He is also a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, a life member of the Council on Foreign Relations, a Research Associate at the National Bureau of Economic Research, a member of the academic advisory board of the International Tax Policy Forum, and an academic advisor to the McKinsey Global Institute.