PBS Member Stations rely on viewers like you. To support your local station, go to http://to.pbs.org/DonateEons ↓ More info below ↓ Check out Two Cents: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCL8w_A8p8P1HWI3k6PR5Z6w Due to an odd quirk of genetics and some unique evolutionary circumstances, two humans who lived at different times in the distant past managed to pass on a very small fraction of their genomes to you. And to me. To all of us. Produced for PBS Digital Studios. Super special thanks to the following Patreon patrons for helping make Eons possible: Katie Fichtner, Aldo Espinosa Zúñiga, Anthony Callaghan, الخليفي سلطان, Gabriel Cortez, Marcus Lejon, Anel Salas, Robert Arévalo, Robert Hill, Kelby Reid, Todd Dittman, Betsy Radley, Svetlana Pylaeva, Colin Sylvester, Philip Slingerland, John Vanek, Jose Garcia, Noah offitzer, Eric Vonk, Tony Wamsley, Henrik Peteri, Jonathan Wright, Jon Monteiro, James Bording, Brad Nicholls, Miles Chaston, Michael McClellan, Jeff Graham, Maria Humphrey, Nathan Paskett, Connor Jensen, Sapjes, Daisuke Goto, Hubert Rady, Yuntao Zhou, Gregory Kintz, Tyson Cleary, Chandler Bass, Maly Lor, Joao Ascensao. Tsee Lee, Sarah Fritts, Ruben Winter, Ron Harvey Jr, Joshua Mitchell, Johnny Li, Jacob Gerke, Alex Yan If you'd like to support the channel, head over to http://patreon.com/eons and pledge for some cool rewards! Want to follow Eons elsewhere on the internet? Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/eonsshow Twitter - https://twitter.com/eonsshow Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/eonsshow/ References: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3334592/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3267120/ https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/f4ee/6bfac21f39ac51fc306ba3100c2ebd2ee61a.pdf https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5892150/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4032117/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5500864/ http://haplogroup-a.com/Ancient-Root-AJHG2013.pdf https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5418327/ http://ase.tufts.edu/chemistry/hhmi/documents/Protocols/Maternal%20Ancestry_Introduction_Reworked_Aug_25_2011.pdf http://pages.ucsd.edu/~dkjordan/resources/clarifications/MitochondrialEve.html https://www.cell.com/action/showPdf?pii=S0960-9822%2813%2900215-7 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4367903/ https://www.cell.com/action/showPdf?pii=S0002-9297%2809%2900163-3 https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg22429904-500-found-closest-link-to-eve-our-universal-ancestor/ https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/no-mitochondrial-eve-not-first-female-species-180959593/ https://www.nature.com/news/genetic-adam-and-eve-did-not-live-too-far-apart-in-time-1.13478 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5525259/ https://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/evolution-y-chromosome http://www.pnas.org/content/106/38/16018 https://www.nature.com/articles/jhg2012154 https://academic.oup.com/mbe/article/27/8/1833/988857 https://www.nature.com/articles/325031a0 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2694979/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4381518/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28086175