Watch this video ad free on Nebula: https://nebula.tv/videos/real-science-the-insane-biology-of-the-platypus New streaming platform: https://watchnebula.com/ Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/realscience Twitter: https://twitter.com/stephaniesamma Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/stephaniesammann Credits: Narrator/Writer: Stephanie Sammann Writer: Angela Wipperman (https://www.angelawipperman.com/) Editor: Dylan Hennessy (https://www.behance.net/dylanhennessy1) Illustrator/Animator: Kirtan Patel (https://kpatart.com/illustrations) Animator: Mike Ridolfi (https://www.moboxgraphics.com/) Sound: Graham Haerther (https://haerther.net/) Thumbnail: Simon Buckmaster (https://twitter.com/forgottentowel) Producer: Brian McManus (null) Imagery courtesy of Getty Images Music: dancing-on-the-snow by anbr we-are-ready by angel-salazar still-life by anbr organism by roie-shpigler pebbles-dance by roie-shpigler thin-air by roie-shpigler little-touch-of-heaven by marco-martini References: [1] https://ielc.libguides.com/sdzg/factsheets/platypus/reproduction [2] http://www.biologyreference.com/A-Ar/Amniote-Egg.html#ixzz6xnpK9Vwy [3] https://www.nature.com/articles/nature06936 [4] https://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/interpreting-shared-characteristics-the-platypus-genome-44568/ [5] http://www.nhc.ed.ac.uk/index.php?page=493.168.256 [6] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19805098/ [7] https://www.jstor.org/stable/56816?seq=1 [8] https://platypus.asn.au/biology/ [9] https://bit.ly/35NqVaP [10] https://www.reed.edu/biology/professors/srenn/pages/teaching/web_2007/myp_site/phylogeny.html [11] https://web.archive.org/web/20190307003822/http://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/cea2/fa2b42aa24160e3361880581d3648d057c9b.pdf [12] https://genomebiology.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/gb-2010-11-9-r95#Sec1 [13] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18463304/