See all my videos at http://www.zstatistics.com/ 0:00 Introduction to the Health IQ Series 0:46 Basics of confounding 4:32 Confounding in Coronavirus 7:54 Confounding by Indication 12:04 Randomised Control Trials References: Italian study (early COVID) showing 70% of mortalities are male: https://www.epicentro.iss.it/coronavirus/bollettino/Bollettino-sorveglianza-integrata-COVID-19_12-marzo-2020.pdf Australian study looking at health impacts of urban density https://www.heartfoundation.org.au/images/uploads/publications/Increasing-density-in-Australia-Evidence-Review-2012-trevor.pdf The Cardiovascular Health of Young Adults: Disparities along the Urban-Rural Continuum Elizabeth Lawrence, Robert A. Hummer, Kathleen Mullan Harris First Published June 23, 2017 Research Article Find in PubMed https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716217711426 Data for population pyramid https://www.populationpyramid.net/world/2019/ Caesarean section and maternal death Why mothers die 2000–2002: The sixth report of the confidential enquiries into maternal deaths in the United Kingdom. RCOG Press. London 2004. http://www.hqip.org.uk/assets/NCAPOP-Library/CMACE-Reports/33.-2004-Why-Mothers-Die-2000-2002-The-Sixth-Report-of-the-Confidential-Enquiries-into-Maternal-Deaths-in-the-UK.pdf