Hank brings you the facts, as they are understood by scientists today, about the evolution of humans from our humble primate ancestors. On the way to becoming Homo sapiens, game-changing evolutionary breakthroughs led to the development of many hominin species, now all extinct. Hank will introduce us to these species & the breakthroughs responsible for their development, and help us understand the awesome ways in which they led to us. Like SciShow on Facebook! http://www.facebook.com/scishow Follow SciShow on Twitter! http://www.twitter.com/scishow References and image licenses for this episode: http://www.press.uchicago.edu/Misc/Chicago/284158_brain.html http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg12216626.300-legacy-of-the-taung-child--review-of-raymond-arthur-dart-a-pictorial-profile-by-frances-wheelhouse.html http://www.wired.com/wiredscience/tag/australopithecus-sediba/ http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-17179608 http://blogs.scientificamerican.com/observations/2012/07/13/ct-scans-reveal-early-human-fossils-inside-rock/ http://theness.com/neurologicablog/index.php/a-new-hominin-a-sediba/ http://www.sciencemag.org/site/extra/sediba/ http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg14219253.100-science-the-fruits-of-walking-on-two-legs.html http://www.nytimes.com/2012/06/15/science/new-dating-puts-cave-art-in-the-age-of-neanderthals.html?_r=1 http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2009/11/091124-origin-of-species-150-darwin-human-evolution.html http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn9990-introduction-human-evolution.html?full=true http://www.nytimes.com/2012/07/17/science/chris-stringer-on-the-origins-and-rise-of-modern-humans.html?_r=1&ref=science http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2009/10/23/0906199106.abstract http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg15721250.500-ancient-mariners--early-humans-were-much-smarter-than-we-suspected.html http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn2198-neanderthal-man-was-armed-and-dangerous.html http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg18424742.000-evolution-made-us-marathon-runners.html http://blogs.scientificamerican.com/observations/2011/04/18/early-human-fossils-from-south-africa-could-upend-long-held-view-of-human-evolution/ http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=first-of-our-kind http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg18424742.000-evolution-made-us-marathon-runners.html http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg16822664.300-taking-the-plunge.html http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn22075-neanderthal-dental-tartar-reveals-evidence-of-medicine.html http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=early-human-population-size-genetic-diversity Images: http://theness.com/neurologicablog/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/hominids.jpg And Smithsonian kind of simplified it: http://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/human-family-tree http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Spreading_homo_sapiens.svg [credit Altaileopard] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lucy_blackbg.jpg [credit: 120] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:A.afarensis.jpg [public domain] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Homo_habilis-KNM_ER_1813.jpg [public domain] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Homo_ergaster.jpg [credit: Luna04] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Homo_erectus.jpg [credit: Thomas Roche] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Homo_heidelbergensis-Cranium_-5.jpg [credit: José-Manuel Benito Álvarez] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Homo_heidelbergensis-Cranium_-5.jpg [credit: luna04] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ID_-_Flores.PNG [PUBLIC DOMAIN] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Homo_floresiensis.jpg [credit Funkmonk] http://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/human-fossils/species/homo-floresiensis http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/10/photogalleries/homo_floresiensis_1/photo4.html] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Australopithecus_sediba_and_Lucy.jpg [use leftmost skeleton only, credit: Profberger]