A topic that stirs up controversy in India is the development of Indo-Aryan languages, and specifically the idea that speakers of an early form of Sanskrit arrived in India between 2000 and 1500 BCE. While the linguistic argument is probably the strongest for the theory of an Indo-Aryan migration into South Asia, genetic evidence gathered so far supports it. In this video, other theories like the Aryan Invasion Theory and the Out of India Theory will be examined, along with the claims of Abhijit Chavda concerning the genetic evidence for or against migration of this language group into India. Errata: At 51:06, I said "mostly Iranian farmer-related," when I should have said "mostly Iranian hunter-gatherer-related." ►LEAVE A COMMENT Be respectful and courteous to other commenters. Challenge the argument, not the person. Claims that are backed by evidence will get more traction. If your comment does not appear, try again with different words. YouTube sometimes glitches and comments don't go through. Or they might flag your comment as potentially inappropriate. ►DOWNLOAD Professor Miano's free e-booklet: "Why Ancient History Matters": https://mailchi.mp/a402112ea4db/why-ancient-history-matters ►SUBSCRIBE to the World of Antiquity YouTube Channel for great travel videos about ancient ruins and ancient history museums. ► SUPPORT THIS CHANNEL Supporters get access to behind-the-scenes videos, early-release videos, course discounts and more! http://www.patreon.com/worldofantiquity FTC Disclaimer Notice: Some of the links here may be affiliate links, meaning that if you click on them and purchase something on another website, I get a small commission. It doesn't cost you any extra, but I thought you should know! It does help support the channel. ► REFERENCES Recommended books on ancient India: Singh, History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: https://amzn.to/35MViln Thapar: History of Early India: https://amzn.to/3tTkFtJ The genetic studies: 2004: https://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(04)00040-5 2006: https://www.cell.com/ajhg/fulltext/S0002-9297(07)62353-2 2006: https://www.academia.edu/19343333/In_situ_origin_of_deep_rooting_lineages_of_mitochondrial_Macrohaplogroup_M_in_India 2006: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16893451/ 2008: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/232715773_Genetic_landscape_of_the_people_of_India_a_canvas_for_disease_gene_explorationIndian_Genome_Variation_ConsortiumJ_Genet_2008_Apr8713-20 2009: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19058044/ 2009: https://www.nature.com/articles/jhg20082.pdf 2009: https://sci-hub.se/10.1038/nature08365 2010: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2987245/ 2010: https://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(09)02068-5 2011: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3234374/pdf/main.pdf 2012: https://sci-hub.se/10.1007/s12038-012-9256-9 2012: https://file.scirp.org/Html/17707.html 2013: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23932107/ 2013: https://journals.plos.org/plosgenetics/article?id=10.1371/journal.pgen.1003912 2015: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/273059488_Massive_migration_from_the_steppe_is_a_source_for_Indo-European_languages_in_Europe 2015: https://www.walshmedicalmedia.com/open-access/the-major-ychromosome-haplotype-xi--haplogroup-r1a-in-eurasia-2161-1041-1000150.pdf 2017: https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.1616392114 2017: https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.1704308114 2017: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/antiquity/article/retheorising-mobility-and-the-formation-of-culture-and-language-among-the-corded-ware-culture-in-europe/E35E6057F48118AFAC191BDFBB1EB30E 2018: https://sci-hub.se/https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-018-0094-2 2019: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-40399-8 2019: https://sci-hub.se/10.1126/science.aat7487 2019: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0092867419309675 2020: https://bmcgenomdata.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12863-020-00919-2 2021: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7817100/ 2021: https://sci-hub.se/10.1007/s00438-020-01725-2 2021: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-04018-9#Sec4 Articles about David Reich: https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/bfopinion/race-genetics-david-reich https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/17/magazine/ancient-dna-paleogenomics.html About Niraj Rai's press conference comments: https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/india-news-the-press-conference-on-rakhigarhi-findings-throws-up-more-questions-than-answers/338052 https://thewire.in/the-sciences/rakhigarhi-indus-valley-civilisation-aryan-steppe-migration-vasant-shinde One historian's perspective on the Hindutva view of history: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RCyL2wb5B3I Professor Miano's handy guide for learning, "How to Know Stuff," is available here: https://www.amazon.com/How-Know-Stuff-distinguish-misinformation-ebook/dp/B0768M5YNK/