It's taken the work of many programmers to turn computers into something we carry in our pockets, and here are five (technically 10!) that we think you should be aware of. Hosted by: Rose Bear Don't Walk SciShow has a spinoff podcast! It's called SciShow Tangents. Check it out at http://www.scishowtangents.org/ ---------- Support SciShow by becoming a patron on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/scishow ---------- Huge thanks go to the following Patreon supporters for helping us keep SciShow free for everyone forever: Chris Peters, Matt Curls, Kevin Bealer, Jeffrey Mckishen, Jacob, Christopher R Boucher, Nazara, charles george, Christoph Schwanke, Ash, Silas Emrys, KatieMarie Magnone, Eric Jensen, Adam Brainard, Piya Shedden, Alex Hackman, James Knight, GrowingViolet, Drew Hart, Sam Lutfi, Alisa Sherbow, Jason A Saslow ---------- Looking for SciShow elsewhere on the internet? Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/scishow Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/scishow Tumblr: http://scishow.tumblr.com/ Instagram: http://instagram.com/thescishow ---------- Sources: https://www.seas.upenn.edu/about/history-heritage/eniac/ https://www.thenmusa.org/armyinnovations/innovationeniaccomputer/ https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00049 https://www.theguardian.com/careers/2018/jul/24/meet-the-female-codebreakers-of-bletchley-park https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/13/magazine/women-coding-computer-programming.html https://www.npr.org/sections/alltechconsidered/2014/10/06/345799830/the-forgotten-female-programmers-who-created-modern-tech https://www.arl.army.mil/who-we-are/history/computing-history/ https://www.pri.org/stories/2015-03-30/finding-forgotten-women-who-programmed-world-s-first-electronic-computer https://spectrum.ieee.org/tech-talk/tech-history/dawn-of-electronics/untold-history-of-ai-invisible-woman-programmed-americas-first-electronic-computer http://eniacprogrammers.org/ http://wit.library.cornell.edu/show.html?id=47 https://www.techrepublic.com/article/cobol-remains-alive-and-well-despite-its-age/ https://www.computer.org/profiles/frances-allen https://www.clear.rice.edu/comp512/Lectures/Papers/1971-allen-catalog.pdf https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/390013.808479 https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/5390666 https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/allen_1012327.cfm https://news.yale.edu/2017/02/10/grace-murray-hopper-1906-1992-legacy-innovation-and-service https://www.ithistory.org/honor-roll/dr-kathleen-booth-nee-britten https://www.digitaltrends.com/computing/remembering-eniac-and-the-women-who-programmed-it/ https://academic.oup.com/comjnl/article/5/3/177/424329 https://www.historyofinformation.com/detail.php?id=652 https://archiveshub.jisc.ac.uk/data/gb133-nahc/boo/nahc/boo/c https://alltogether.swe.org/2019/06/the-programming-pioneers-of-eniac/ https://www.jstor.org/stable/25147356?seq=1 https://www.thehenryford.org/explore/blog/new-acquisition-linc-computer-console http://www.bitsavers.org/pdf/dec/pdp12/lap6-dial/DEC-12-ADRMA-A-D_PDP-12_LAP6-DIAL_Programmers_Reference_Manual.pdf https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=26QPDBe-NB8 https://lambda.uta.edu/cse5317/notes/node3.html https://arxiv.org/pdf/1809.02161.pdf Images: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ENIAC-changing_a_tube.jpg https://www.storyblocks.com/video/stock/walking-and-browsing-information-on-smart-phone-writing-messages-and-using-app-on-the-smartphone-stgfneatnmjo4bjjei https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ARL_ENIAC_01.png https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ENIAC_Penn1.jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:World%27s_First_Computer,_the_Electronic_Numerical_Integrator_and_Calculator_(ENIAC).gif https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/programming-code-abstract-technology-background-of-software-developer-and-computer-gm1224500457-360073975 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hollerith_Electronic_Computer1_Prototype.jpg https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Punched_card_program_deck.agr.jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:PDP-12_VCF_2001.jpg https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Grace_Murray_Hopper,_in_her_office_in_Washington_DC,_1978,_%C2%A9Lynn_Gilbert.jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Museum_of_Science,_Boston,_MA_-_IMG_3163.JPG https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Museum_of_Science,_Boston,_MA_-_IMG_3163.JPG https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/computer-code-gm186886217-10589962 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Allen_mg_2545-b.jpg https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:IBM_7030-CNAM_22480-IMG_5115-gradient.jpg https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betty_Holberton#/media/File:Betty_Holberton.jpg https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e0/KayMcNultyAlyseSnyderSisStumpDifferentialAnalyzer.jpg https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruth_Teitelbaum#/media/File:Reprogramming_ENIAC.png https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Two_women_operating_ENIAC.gif