We take a look through the differences, bugs, and fixes of the C64 KERNAL operating system ROM through the years, from the original silver label C64 through to the 64C, to the SX-64, Educator 64, the Japanese C64, the C64GS, and more. To support 8-Bit Show And Tell: Become a patron: https://patreon.com/8BitShowAndTell One-time donation: https://paypal.me/8BitShowAndTell Great list of differences by Marko Mäkelä: http://www.zimmers.net/anonftp/pub/cbm/firmware/computers/c64/revisions.txt Another list of differences: http://commodore64.se/wiki/index.php/Commodore_64_KERNAL_ROM_versions Lots of firmware to try on your EasyFlash 3: http://www.zimmers.net/anonftp/pub/cbm/firmware/computers/c64/ Credits music by: https://bedfordlevelexperiment.bandcamp.com/ Further info/errata: Quite a few people have pointed out that the screen clearing behaviour in KERNAL v2 was actually to help hide the "screen sparkle" problem that former Commodore engineer Bil Herd describes in this video around 15:45: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-Zpv6u5vCJ4 Rob Clarke says: Your experiments with the 4064 kernal would not work that way on the real machine. There is no color RAM, so you cannot change the text colour, the board is hard-wired to only return white. Also, the Educator 64 and 4064 are fundamentally different machines. The Educator is a normal 64 with a SID and a monitor that can display different luma levels, ie. "shades of green". The 4064 is a standard PET monitor, so the video signal is either on or off, so true monochrome, no shades at all. Index: 0:00 Intro - KERNAL revision differences 1:13 KERNAL v1: Silver Label C64 7:25 KERNAL v2: My first C64 & More 12:34 KERNAL v3 (final) on a breadbin 14:57 Commodore SX-64 17:09 64C + EasyFlash 3 17:48 PET 4064 / Educator 64 20:53 Japanese C64 24:02 Turkish, Swedish, Danish KERNALs 26:28 C64 Games System 28:20 Thanks!