In this English grammar lesson, you will learn 6 uses of the preposition BY “by" is a very common word in English. In this lesson, you’ll learn 6 common uses of “by” as a preposition. “by" is usually a preposition but it can also be used as an adverb. “by” + place The meaning is: beside / at the side of / next to Example: The house is by a lake. by + noun to describe travel. by + train, car, boat, plane, taxi, bus. Example: I went to London by train. to describe communication: by + phone, email, post, fax Example: I will send you the report by fax. to describe methods of payment: by + credit card, cheque Example: We paid for the car by cheque. by and the passive In the passive voice, “by” indicates WHO is doing the action. Example: The floor is being cleaned by Jane. by + reflexive pronoun This means to do something alone. Example: I visited London by myself. by + ING form of verb This describes how to do something. How to achieve a particular result. Example: You can turn on the television by pressing that button. “by” + time expression The meaning is not later than. Before or at a particular time. We use this structure for deadlines. Example: You must leave the hotel room by 11 am. Private English lessons with a native teacher: http://goo.gl/R7miKz The accent is a British English accent. Other lessons: Prepositions place in, at, on: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_zhw3BUysUA Playlists: Grammar:    • learn English grammar   Advice to improve your English:    • How to improve your English   Listening practice:    • English listening practice   Vocabulary:    • learn English vocabulary   Andrew, Crown Academy of English Website: http://www.crownacademyenglish.com/ Twitter: http://twitter.com/Crown_English YouTube: null Photo credits by FreeDigitalPhotos.net: “Student Carrying Bag And Books” by photostock “Young Woman Washing Wooden Floor With Blue Floorcloth” by radnatt “Contract Signing” by Jeroen van Oostrom