NIH Science in Seconds – a weekly roundup of NIH’s research news. Read more about each of the featured news stories below. Week of May 1, 2023: 1. NIH researchers uncovered new details about a rare immune deficiency which leaves people vulnerable to infectious disease, autoimmune disease, and cancer. People with the most severe cases of the disease, called idiopathic CD4 lymphocytopenia (ICL), were observed to be most at risk for developing several associated diseases. https://bit.ly/427qvaH 2. Researchers found that opioid-exposed newborns cared for with the “Eat, Sleep, Console” (ESC) approach had reduced hospital stays and reduced need for medication. ESC encourages parental involvement, swaddling, breastfeeding, skin-to-skin contact, and a low stimulation environment. https://bit.ly/3B1AnXD 3. A new study shows how socioeconomic disparities in a child's brain development can be mitigated through state anti-poverty programs. States that provide strong social safety nets had lower disparities in brain development and mental health in children aged 9 to 11. https://bit.ly/42c6HTI 4. Women aged 55 and younger have almost double the risk of rehospitalization in the year after having a heart attack than men of a similar age. The findings suggest a need for closer health monitoring for women aged 18 - 55 who have had heart attacks. https://bit.ly/44vGd0T 5. Researchers found young men with cannabis (marijuana) use disorder have an increased risk of developing schizophrenia. The study highlights the need to screen for, prevent, and treat cannabis use disorder among young people. https://bit.ly/42wrn8H