Sign up to Nebula here: https://go.nebula.tv/realengineering New streaming platform: https://watchnebula.com/ Links to everything I do: https://beacons.ai/brianmcmanus Get your Real Engineering shirts at: https://standard.tv/collections/real-engineering Credits: Writer/Narrator: Brian McManus Editor: Dylan Hennessy (https://www.behance.net/dylanhennessy1) Animator: Mike Ridolfi (https://www.moboxgraphics.com/) Sound: Graham Haerther (https://haerther.net/) Thumbnail: Simon Buckmaster https://twitter.com/forgottentowel References: [1] https://www.carbonbrief.org/aviation-consume-quarter-carbon-budget [2] https://www.ge.com/gas-power/products/gas-turbines/lm6000 [3] http://www.ethanolproducer.com/articles/7031/ge-powers-turbines-with-ethanol-in-brazil/#:~:text=Two%20of%20GE's%2043.5%20megawatt,to%20be%20powered%20by%20ethanol. [4] https://www.chevron.com/-/media/chevron/operations/documents/aviation-tech-review.pdf [5] https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/chemistry/petroleum [6] https://nwfuel.ca/whats-deal-winter-diesel/ [7] https://www.history.navy.mil/research/library/online-reading-room/title-list-alphabetically/w/war-damage-reports/uss-franklin-cv-13-war-damage-report-no-56.html [8] https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/ethanol-water-d_989.html & https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Ethanol#:~:text=Ethanol%20appears%20as%20a%20clear,Vapors%20are%20heavier%20than%20air. [9] https://www.engineering.iastate.edu/brl/files/2011/10/brl_biomassprop_volumetricenergydensity.pdf & https://neutrium.net/properties/specific-energy-and-energy-density-of-fuels/ [10] https://www.pnas.org/content/117/23/12576 [11] https://www.airbus.com/newsroom/press-releases/en/2021/03/aviation-leaders-launch-first-inflight-100-sustainable-aviation-fuel-emissions-study-on-commercial-passenger-jet.html [12] https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-study-confirms-biofuels-reduce-jet-engine-pollution [13] https://www.reuters.com/article/us-norway-airplane-biofuels/airlines-get-ready-for-jet-biofuel-take-off-in-norway-idUSKBN1XV1TQ [14] https://simpleflying.com/sas-2019-financial-results/ [15] https://news.stanford.edu/2019/03/18/new-way-generate-hydrogen-fuel-seawater/ [16] https://www.energy.gov/eere/fuelcells/hydrogen-storage [17] https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1002007116303240#:~:text=However%2C%20hydrogen%20compression%20to%20700,L%20for%20gasoline%20%5B22%5D. [18] https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1364032197000075 [19] I can’t be arsed to find a reference for this one. I have a masters degree in aeronautical engineering, just trust me. [20] https://www.airbus.com/innovation/zero-emission/hydrogen/zeroe.html Select imagery/video supplied by Getty Images Thank you to AP Archive for access to their archival footage. Music by Epidemic Sound: http://epidemicsound.com/creator Thank you to my patreon supporters: Adam Flohr, Henning Basma, Hank Green, William Leu, Tristan Edwards, Ian Dundore, John & Becki Johnston. Nevin Spoljaric, Jason Clark, Thomas Barth, Johnny MacDonald, Stephen Foland, Alfred Holzheu, Abdulrahman Abdulaziz Binghaith, Brent Higgins, Dexter Appleberry, Alex Pavek, Marko Hirsch, Mikkel Johansen, Hibiyi Mori. Viktor Józsa, Ron Hochsprung