It's hard to believe that some ecosystems are thriving in such harsh environments. Studying and understanding these ecosystems can help us protect or repair them, and it can also help us appreciate how incredibly resilient and creative living things can be! Join Hank Green for an awesome new episode of SciShow all about our ecosystems! SciShow has a spinoff podcast! It's called SciShow Tangents. Check it out at http://www.scishowtangents.org/ ---------- Support SciShow by becoming a patron on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/scishow ---------- Huge thanks go to the following Patreon supporters for helping us keep SciShow free for everyone forever: Kevin Bealer, Jacob, Katie Marie Magnone, D.A.Noe, Charles Southerland, Eric Jensen, Christopher R Boucher, Alex Hackman, Matt Curls, Adam Brainard, Scott Satovsky Jr, Sam Buck, Ron Kakar, Chris Peters, Kevin Carpentier, Patrick D. Ashmore, Piya Shedden, Sam Lutfi, charles george, Greg ---------- Looking for SciShow elsewhere on the internet? Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/scishow Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/scishow Tumblr: http://scishow.tumblr.com/ Instagram: http://instagram.com/thescishow ---------- Sources: https://www.biologyonline.com/dictionary/Ecosystem https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/ecosystem/ https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/ecology/intro-to-ecosystems/a/what-is-an-ecosystem https://bioone.org/journals/the-bryologist/volume-110/issue-3/0007-2745(2007)110%5b420%3aECORSS%5d2.0.CO%3b2/Epiphyte-communities-on-redwood-Sequoia-sempervirens-in-northwestern-California/10.1639/0007-2745(2007)110[420:ECORSS]2.0.CO;2.short https://research.libraries.wsu.edu:8443/xmlui/handle/2376/1070 https://www.savetheredwoods.org/blog/wonders/graphic-takes-understanding-to-new-heights/ https://bsapubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.3732/ajb.90.2.255 https://www.fs.fed.us/psw/publications/welsh/captured/psw_2006_welsh006.pdf https://www-jstor-org.proxy.library.carleton.ca/stable/27646092?Search=yes&resultItemClick=true&searchText=redwood&searchText=lichen&searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3FQuery%3Dredwood%2Blichen%26amp%3Bfilter%3D&ab_segments=0%2Fbasic_SYC-4946%2Fcontrol&refreqid=search%3A8810487c40a2b1d8fbe3f1ce0c2967ab&seq=19#metadata_info_tab_contents https://www.nature.com/articles/srep22139 https://www.sciencealert.com/the-final-resting-place-of-a-baleen-whale-was-discovered-during-a-livestream https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0967064513000489 https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/exploration.html https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0308597X18309394 https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2016.00072/full https://www.researchgate.net/profile/T_Cerqueira/publication/313194815_Sediment_Microbial_Diversity_of_Three_Deep-Sea_Hydrothermal_Vents_Southwest_of_the_Azores/links/5a75df09a6fdccbb3c079ed6/Sediment-Microbial-Diversity-of-Three-Deep-Sea-Hydrothermal-Vents-Southwest-of-the-Azores.pdf https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-019-09973-6 https://www.nature.com/articles/srep22139 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature21377 https://doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro1991 https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev-marine-121211-172317 https://www.nature.com/articles/ngeo2633 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/282904921_Diatoms_Bacillariophyceae_associated_with_free-drifting_Antarctic_icebergs_taxonomy_and_distribution https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S000632071100317X?via%3Dihub https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/04/160426091728.htm https://www.nature.com/news/2005/050808/full/news050808-4.html https://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(15)00988-4?_returnURL=https%3A%2F%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%2Fretrieve%2Fpii%2FS0960982215009884%3Fshowall%3Dtrue https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2352249618300338?via%3Dihub https://www.nature.com/articles/nrmicro1992 https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Nicole_Dubilier/publication/23260363_Dubilier_N_Bergin_C_Lott_C_Symbiotic_diversity_in_marine_animals_the_art_of_harnessing_chemosynthesis_Nat_Rev_Micro_6_725-740/links/09e4150f6fd76028ad000000/Dubilier-N-Bergin-C-Lott-C-Symbiotic-diversity-in-marine-animals-the-art-of-harnessing-chemosynthesis-Nat-Rev-Micro-6-725-740.pdf https://academic.oup.com/jhered/article/105/5/704/2961808 Images: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Aneides_vagrans_imported_from_iNaturalist_photo_35397895_on_29_September_2019.png https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Whalefall_hires.jpg https://nautiluslive.org/cruise/na117 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Phytoplankton_-_the_foundation_of_the_oceanic_food_chain.jpg https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Entrance_to_zone_of_alienation_around_Chernobyl.jpg