Watch over 2,400 documentaries for free for 30 days AND get a free Nebula account by signing up at https://curiositystream.com/upandatom and using the code "upandatom". Once you sign up you'll get an email about Nebula. If you don't get one, contact the curiosity stream support team and they will set you up with a free Nebula account right away. Watch Is Math Invented or Discovered video FREE here https://watchnebula.com/videos/up-and-atom-is-mathematics-invented-or-discovered Nebula: https://watchnebula.com/ This video is about Einstein's Brownian Motion. Hi! I'm Jade. If you'd like to consider supporting Up and Atom, head over to my Patreon page :) https://www.patreon.com/upandatom Visit the Up and Atom store https://store.nebula.app/collections/up-and-atom Subscribe to Up and Atom for videos about hard stuff explained in a less hard way null A big thank you to my AMAZING PATRONS! Tom Arant, Cy 'kkm' K'Nelson, Ryan Lewis Baron de Ropp, Karsten Nohl, Christopher Robert, Thorsten Auth, Purple Penguin, James Palermo, Mansoor Alabbar, Berj Bannayan, Thomas Krause, Chris Flynn, Jessica Rose, David Johnston, Rick DeWitt, Yana Chernobilsky, Lynn Shackelford, Adam Thornton, Andrew Pann, Anne Tan, Steve Miller, David A. Fortin, Thomas V Lohmeier, Joel Becane, eris esoteric, Artem G., Aaron Dorn, Paul Barclay, Austin Rose, 12tone, Zhong Cheng Wang, Mark, Corey Sampson, John Klinkner, Damien Holloway, Mikely Whiplash, John Lakeman, Jana Christine Saout, George Fletcher, Michael Dean, Chris Amaris, Matt G, KhAnubis, Broos Nemanic, Dag-Erling Smørgrav, John Shioli, Ella Marie Rosenzweig, Joe Court, Todd Loreman, Susan Jones, Mirko Bayer, Courtney Rosenthal, Dominic Riverso, Pamela O'Neill, Joshua Adams, Jeroen Melchiors, Gary Leo Welz, Andrej Zon, Richard, Richard, Gabriele Riva, Marco Pontil, Joseph, Chris Teubert, Dylan Kolstad, Paul Burke, Michael Hunter, Fran, Zen_Monk, Lonnie Elliott, Christopher Milton, Barry Hammock, Joe, Chester Stadler, John Sokolowski, Bruce England, Nick Jackson, Robert J Frey, The Doom Merchant, Richard de Rozario, Christian Czekay, Martin Zenuik, Wolfgang Ripken, Jeremy Bowkett, Vincent Karpinski, Nicolas Frias, Christopher Phipps, Louis M, Julian Engel, kadhonn, ThE rANdoMSTRaNGeR, Moose Thompson, Hal Roseman, Sam Graf, George Xu, Andrew, Tamara McDermott, Charles from USA, Hassan Sedaghat, S, Daniel Eliassen, Rob Napier, Sam Ross, Julian Engel, Kay, Peter Walsh, Osa and Beth Fitch, Garrett Chomka, Raffael Hirt, Jeff Schwarz, Josh B, Zach Tinawi, Bobby Butler, Rebecca Lashua, Pat Gunn, Quentin WATIER, Jasper Capel, Luc Ritchie, Elze Kool, Aditya Anantharaman, Frédéric Junod, Vincent Seguin, Bernard Wei, Paul Bryan, Michael Brunolli, Shawn, Ken Takahashi, Schawn Schoch, Andrew Stott, Stephen Denham, Kaylee, Jesse Clark, Steven Wheeler, Atila Pires dos Santos, Adam J, Tim Sorbera, Michael McCloskey, Philip Freeman, Bogdan Morosanu, Armin Quast, Jareth Arnold, Xiao Fan, Simon Barker, Simon Tobar, Rob Harris, Dennis Haupt, Ammaar Esmailjee, Ginny Liz, Neuroleptic Doug, Marc Watkins, Carsten Berggreen, Lou, amcnea, Dave Mayer, Renato Pereira, Simon Dargaville, Dean Madden, Robert Frieske and Magesh. Follow me @upndatom Up and Atom on Twitter: https://twitter.com/upndatom?lang=en Up and Atom on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/upndatom/ For a one time donation, head over to my PayPal :) https://www.paypal.me/upandatomshows Creator Jade Tan-Holmes Script Simon Morrow simonmorrow.com Animations Tom Groenestyn Music https://www.epidemicsound.com/ Sources/Further Reading https://www.britannica.com/science/Brownian-motion https://arxiv.org/pdf/astro-ph/0107569.pdf http://galileo.phys.virginia.edu/classes/152.mf1i.spring02/BrownianMotion.htm https://www.physik.uni-augsburg.de/theo1/hanggi/History/Gora.pdf Brownian Motion and Molecular Reality by M. Jean Perrin https://raizenlab.ph.utexas.edu/pub/simha_dissertation.pdf 111 years of Brownian motion (DOI: 10.1039/c6sm01153e) 100 years of Brownian motion (DOI: 10.1063/1.1895505) Brownian Motion, “Diverse and Undulating” https://web.math.princeton.edu/~nelson/books/bmotion.pdf https://www.physik.uni-augsburg.de/theo1/hanggi/Colloidal.pdf https://www.physik.uni-augsburg.de/theo1/hanggi/History/BM-History.html https://www.britannica.com/science/atom/The-beginnings-of-modern-atomic-theory http://www.terpconnect.umd.edu/~brush/pdf/ITALENC.pdf