Be one of the first 200 people to sign up with this link and get 20% off your subscription with Brilliant.org! https://brilliant.org/realscience/ Watch this video ad-free on Nebula: https://nebula.tv/videos/realscience-the-insane-biology-of-the-poison-dart-frog Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/realscience Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/stephaniesammann Images Courtesy of Getty Images Credits: Narrator: Stephanie Sammann Writer: Lorraine Boissoneault Editor: Dylan Hennessy (https://www.behance.net/dylanhennessy1) Illustrator: Jacek Ambrożewski Illustrator/Animator: Kirtan Patel (https://kpatart.com/illustrations) Animator: Mike Ridolfi (https://www.moboxgraphics.com/) Sound: Graham Haerther (https://haerther.net/) Thumbnail: Simon Buckmaster (https://twitter.com/forgottentowel) Producer: Brian McManus (null) REFERENCES [1] https://hero.epa.gov/hero/index.cfm/reference/details/reference_id/8709519 [2] https://www.researchgate.net/publication/318900410_Dart_poison_frogs_and_their_toxins [3] https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/9780470330319.ch174 [4] https://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.2133521100 [5] https://journals.biologists.com/jeb/article/222/12/jeb204149/20404 [6] https://www.researchgate.net/publication/312103318_Evolution_of_Dietary_Specialization_and_Chemical_Defense_in_Poison_Frogs_Dendrobatidae_A_Comparative_Analysis [7] https://ralphsaporito.weebly.com/uploads/5/9/1/7/59174543/brooks___saporito_2019__bitter_is_better_.pdf [8] https://www.pnas.org/doi/pdf/10.1073/pnas.0702851104 [9] https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aan5061 [10] https://ralphsaporito.weebly.com/uploads/5/9/1/7/59174543/saporito_et_al._2012_-_poison_frog_chemical_ecology_review.pdf [11] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4481408/ [12] https://ralphsaporito.weebly.com/uploads/5/9/1/7/59174543/murray_et_al._2016_-_arthropod_predator_defense_between_lifestages_in_pumilio.pdf [13] https://ralphsaporito.weebly.com/uploads/5/9/1/7/59174543/mina_et_al._2015_-_variation_in_alkaloid-based_microbial_defenses.pdf [14] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11272482/#:~:text=Histologically%2C%20there%20was%20epidermal%20hyperkeratosis,pathogen%20in%20poison%20dart%20frogs.