Kristen Gilbert was nicknamed the “Angel of Death” because so many patients happened to die during her shifts. No one saw her doing anything wrong, and there just wasn’t any physical proof in post mortem examinations… but many of the patients who went into cardiac arrests didn’t have health problems that should result in heart failure. Some were even young and physically healthy. But without hard evidence, is it even possible to determine whether a doctor or nurse is actually killing patients? The data revealed a shocking pattern of elevated patient death rates during Gilbert’s shifts at the Veterans Administration hospital, but that still didn’t prove anything beyond a reasonable doubt. The thing is… it doesn’t necessarily HAVE to. In the case of Kristen Gilbert, math identified the possibility of a serial killer’s existence and then let a full investigation do the rest. Gilbert is serving four life sentences plus an additional 20 years, and dozens, if not hundreds, of lives were saved by getting her away from patients. The state spent $1.8 million defending Kristen Gilbert in a trial in which she narrowly escaped a death sentence. But that trial never would’ve happened at all without math. ** SOURCES & READING ** “Statistics in the Courtroom, United States v. Kristen Gilbert,” by George Cobb and Stephen Gehlbach. http://www.stat.ucla.edu/~nchristo/statistics100B/article.pdf Adrenaline, by Brian B. Hoffman. https://www.amazon.com/Adrenaline-Brian-B-Hoffman-2013-04-15/dp/B01M13D9SM Perfect Poison: A Female Serial Killer’s Deadly Medicine, by M. William Phelps. https://www.amazon.com/Perfect-Poison-Female-Killers-Medicine/dp/0786015500 Molecules of Murder: Criminal Molecules and Classic Cases, by John Emsley. https://www.amazon.com/Molecules-Murder-Criminal-Classic-Cases/dp/1782624740 Calculating Justice: Mathematics and Criminal Law, by Ken Strutin. https://www.llrx.com/2013/12/calculating-justice-mathematics-and-criminal-law ** LINKS ** Vsauce2: TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@vsaucetwo Twitter: https://twitter.com/VsauceTwo Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/VsauceTwo Talk Vsauce2 in The Create Unknown Discord: https://discord.gg/tcu Vsauce2 on Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/vsauce2/ Hosted and Produced by Kevin Lieber Instagram: https://instagram.com/kevlieber Twitter: https://twitter.com/kevinlieber Podcast: null Research and Writing by Matthew Tabor https://twitter.com/TaborTCU Editing by John Swan https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCJuSltoYKrAUKnbYO5EMZ2A Huge Thanks To Paula Lieber https://www.etsy.com/shop/Craftality Vsauce's Curiosity Box: null #education #vsauce #crime