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HOW TO PRONOUNCE 'JEAN PIAGET'

Jean is pronounced 'shzjahn', the same way you pronounce Belgian martial artist / action movie star's name 'Jean-Claude Van Damme.'

Piaget is pronounced 'pee-ah-shzjay'. The 't' is silent, and the 'get' part starts the same way you pronounce 'Jean'.
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𝗣𝗶𝗮𝗴𝗲𝘁'𝘀 𝗦𝘁𝗮𝗴𝗲𝘀
(of cognitive development)
For the longest time people thought that children were just miniature versions of adults, but then Swiss psychologist 𝗝𝗲𝗮𝗻 𝗣𝗶𝗮𝗴𝗲𝘁 came along and showed that children reason very differently and are actively constructing their understanding of the world as they grow, so as their bodies grow, their minds grow as well.

He thought this happened in 4 different stages.
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[STAGE 1]
𝗦𝗲𝗻𝘀𝗼𝗿𝗶𝗺𝗼𝘁𝗼𝗿
(0–2 yrs.)

At this stage, the child understands the world through senses and actions.

Children begin to interact with the environment to gather information about the world through their senses (👀sight, sound👂🏻, smell👃🏻, taste👅, touch🤚🏻; hence the 'sensori' part).

This is why children 0-2 years old are always touching everything and putting things in their mouth.

As they discover how to use their senses, they discover how to move their bodies around (hence the motor part). This helps them explore the world ad learn what they're capable of.

OBJECT PERMANENCE develops during this stage. Infants don't recognize that objects still exist even though they can't see, hear or touch them.

Take away a toy🧸 and they won't look for it because they won't understand that it still exists. Playing Peekaboo helps develop object permanence.
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[STAGE 2]
𝗣𝗿𝗲𝗼𝗽𝗲𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝗮𝗹
(2–7 yrs.)

At this stage, the child understands the world through language🗣 and mental images💭🐕.

Children develop or engage in pretend play and begin to think symbolically (use symbols to represent things).

For example, they might stand over a broomstick🧹 as if they were a cowboy/girl riding a horse🐎. This makes sense because around age 2 is when children learn to talk conversationally.

They're very egocentric at this stage: they don't understand that others have a different point of view than they do, so a 3-year-old might sit down right in front of you while you're watching tv not understanding that you can't see through them because they can see the tv.

They may also try to hide from you by covering their eyes ("I can't see you; you can't see me" mentality).
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[STAGE 3]
𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗰𝗿𝗲𝘁𝗲 𝗼𝗽𝗲𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝗮𝗹
(7–11 yrs.)

At this stage, the child understands the world through logical thinking and categories.

Conservation develops during this stage.

That is, children learn the idea of conservation:

You take two identical glasses with the same amount of water in them, show them to the child and ask:

"which one has more?"

Kids will say they have the same amount. Then while the child watches you, you pour one of the glasses into a short, fat glass.

Then you take the other glass and pour it into tall, skinny glass. Then you immediately ask them

"Which one has more?"

Before they reach the concrete operational stage, the child is going to say the tall, skinny glass has more because it's higher.

But once they reach concrete operational and understand that the amount of water doesn't change just because the glasses are different sizes, then they'll tell you that they both have the same amount of water even though they look different.

At this stage children are able to begin reasoning about mathematics: they'll understand that 8+ 4 = 12, so that must mean that 12- 4 = 8.
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[STAGE 4]
𝗙𝗼𝗿𝗺𝗮𝗹 𝗼𝗽𝗲𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝗮𝗹
(11/12 yrs.—adulthood)

At this stage, the child understands the world through hypothetical thinking and scientific reasoning.

Children are able to reason about abstract concepts and think about consequences of potential actions (reason out what might occur / 'counterfactual conditionals')

Piaget thought this was where very sophisticated moral reasoning began to take place.

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